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3.12.B identify and describe the flow of energy in a food chain and predict how changes in a food chain such as removal of frogs from a pond or bees from a field affect the ecosystem;"

4.12.B describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy through food webs, including the roles of the Sun, producers, consumers, and decomposers;

6.12.B describe and give examples of predatory, competitive, and symbiotic relationships between organisms, including mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism;

8.12.A explain how disruptions such as population changes, natural disasters, and human intervention impact the transfer of energy in food webs in ecosystems;